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Trump's One Big Beautiful Bill
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was signed into law, enacting a wide range of tax changes for individuals, families, seniors, and businesses. Below is a summary of the most important provisions that may impact your tax situation for 2025 and future years.
1. Individual Income Tax Changes · Permanent Lower Tax Rates: The reduced individual tax rates from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act are now permanent, preventing a reversion to higher pre-2018 rates.
Increased Standard Deduction:
· Personal Exemptions: The suspension of personal exemptions is made permanent, except for a new $6,000 deduction for seniors (age 65+), available through 2028 and phased out at higher incomes.
· Child Tax Credit: The expanded child tax credit is made permanent, increased to $2,200 per child, with inflation adjustments and stricter Social Security number requirements for both the taxpayer and child.
Qualified Business Income Deduction (Section 199A): The phase-in threshold is increased to $75,000 ($150,000 for joint filers), and a $400 minimum deduction is established for active business income, with inflation adjustments.
· Estate and Gift Tax Exemption: The exemption is permanently increased to $15 million (indexed for inflation), effective for estates and gifts after 2025.
The increased AMT exemption and phase out thresholds are made permanent, with modifications to inflation adjustments and phaseout rates.
Mortgage Interest Deduction: The $750,000 cap on mortgage interest is made permanent, and mortgage insurance premiums are now treated as interest.
The cap on state and local tax (SALT) deductions is increased to $40,000 ($20,000 for married filing separately) for 2025, with inflation adjustments and a phase-down for high incomes, reverting to $10,000 after 2029.
2. New Deductions and Credits for Working Americans
No Tax on Tips: For 2025–2028, up to $25,000 in qualified tips per year is deductible (phased out at higher incomes), with new reporting and anti-abuse rules.
For 2025–2028, up to $12,500 ($25,000 joint) in qualified overtime pay per year is deductible (phased out at higher incomes).
Car Loan Interest Deduction: For 2025–2028, up to $10,000 per year of interest on loans for new U.S.-assembled passenger vehicles is deductible (phased out at higher incomes), with new reporting requirements.
"Trump Accounts" for Children: New tax-advantaged accounts for children under 18, with a $5,000 annual contribution limit, employer and charitable contributions, and a $1,000 government-funded pilot for newborns (2025–2028).
3. Business and Investment Provisions
Full Expensing: 100% bonus depreciation for qualified business property is made permanent, with transitional options for reduced percentages in 2025.
Research and Development (R&D): Domestic R&D expenses can be fully expensed immediately; foreign R&D remains amortized over 15 years.
·
Section 179 Expensing: The
expensing limit is increased to $2.5 million, with a phaseout at $4
million and inflation adjustments.
·
Interest Deduction Limitation: The
EBITDA add-back for the business interest limitation is restored
permanently, increasing allowable business interest deductions.
·
International Tax Reforms: Modifications
to the foreign tax credit, GILTI, FDII, and BEAT rules, including
increased deductions and new sourcing rules for certain income.
4. Family, Community, and Education
Incentives
·
Child and Dependent Care: The
child and dependent care tax credit is enhanced, with a higher
applicable percentage and increased income thresholds.
·
Adoption Credit: Up
to $5,000 of the adoption credit is now refundable, with inflation
adjustments.
·
529 Accounts: Expanded
to cover more K-12 expenses and postsecondary credentialing, with higher
annual limits.
·
Charitable Deductions: Above-the-line
charitable deduction is increased to $1,000 ($2,000 joint) and made
permanent. New floors for individual and corporate charitable deductions
are introduced.
5. Energy and Green Tax Changes
·
Termination of Clean Energy Credits: Credits for new and used clean vehicles,
alternative fuel property, and various energy-efficient improvements are
terminated earlier than previously scheduled.
·
Restrictions on Foreign Entities: New
limitations on energy credits and deductions for projects involving
specified foreign entities or materials.
6. Other Notable Provisions
·
Excess Business Loss Limitation: The limitation on excess business losses for
noncorporate taxpayers is made permanent, with updated thresholds.
·
Reporting Thresholds: The
1099-MISC/NEC reporting threshold is increased to $2,000 (indexed for
inflation), and the de minimis threshold for third-party network
transactions is restored to $20,000/200 transactions.
·
Unemployment Benefits: Federal
funds are prohibited for unemployment compensation to individuals with
$1 million or more in base period wages.
7. Health and Social Program Changes
·
Medicaid and Medicare: Various
reforms to eligibility, enrollment, and cost-sharing, including new work
requirements for Medicaid expansion adults and changes to eligibility
for non-citizens.
·
Premium Tax Credit: Eligibility
is restricted to certain lawfully present aliens, with new verification
requirements and elimination of the limitation on recapture of excess
advance payments.
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act brings significant and wide-ranging
changes to the tax code, affecting individuals, families, seniors,
businesses, and investors. Many of these provisions are effective for
the 2025 tax year and beyond. We recommend reviewing your tax situation
in light of these changes and considering potential planning
opportunities. Please note that it will take time to fully understand
the impact of some of these provisions as the OBBBA moves through the
implementation and guidance stages with the Treasury and IRS.
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